Paludariums represent a fascinating connection of worlds that usually only meet in nature in unique habitats: water and land. This type of vivarium is becoming increasingly popular not only among aquarists, but also terrarists and everyone who wants a piece of authentic nature at home. In this article, we will discuss in detail what a paludarium is, what its advantages are and why you should get one, how to set it up, what to plant and place in it, and how to care for it.
What is a paludarium?
A paludarium is a type of vivarium that combines elements of an aquarium and a terrarium – that is, an aquatic and terrestrial part. This creates a semi-aquatic biotope that resembles the natural environment of swamps, tropical riverbanks, mangrove forests or wetlands. A paludarium can be stocked with both aquatic and terrestrial animals, and at the same time offers a great space for planting a variety of plant species – from aquarium to tropical epiphytes.
- Double visual experience – water and land in harmony
While a classic aquarium offers you a view of the underwater world, a paludarium allows you to observe life on land and below the water surface. This combination is aesthetically very appealing – you can perceive the dynamics of the water current, calm surfaces, green vegetation on land and various animals that move between the two environments. The paludarium thus becomes a kind of living sculpture of nature that is constantly alive and changing.
- Greater planting options – more species of plants and animals
One of the biggest attractions of a paludarium is the possibility of combining many species of plants that would not thrive in a purely aquatic or terrestrial environment. Popular ones include:
Aquatic plants – anubias, cryptocorynes, limnobium, echinodorus
Marsh and moisture-loving plants – sagittaria, hygrophila, bacopa
Epiphytes – bromeliads, ferns of the genus Microsorum, orchids
There is also a wide selection of animals – you can combine small fish, shrimp, snails and at the same time frogs, crabs, or even smaller species of lizards or frogs (e.g. jungle frogs).
- Authentic natural biotope at home – also suitable for children
A paludarium is a great tool for teaching ecology, natural history or developing an interest in nature. Thanks to its appearance and the possibility of observing interactions between animals and the environment, it becomes an ideal educational addition to the home, classroom or even the office. It is a form of living image that offers peace, inspiration and reflection.
How to set up a paludarium step by step
- Choosing a tank
Start by choosing a suitable aquarium. Higher tanks with sufficient height above the surface for the terrestrial part are ideal. Tanks from 60 to 150 liters are commonly used. For beginners, a medium size (e.g. 80×40×50 cm) is ideal.
- Zoning
The tank should be divided into an aquatic and terrestrial zone. For example, a glass or plastic partition is used, or a natural slope is created from volcanic rock or expanded clay.
- Substrate and substrate
Put aquarium gravel in the aquatic part, and use a mixture of peat, coconut substrate and bark in the terrestrial part. A drainage layer (e.g. expanded clay) is also recommended for better drainage.
- Decoration and hardscape
Roots, stones, bark and a background will give the tank a natural look. Materials such as mopani wood, mangrove or slate are ideal.
- Installation of equipment
Filtration: an internal filter or an external filter with a nozzle returning water to the tank in the form of a waterfall can be used.
Lighting: LED lights with a daytime spectrum (6500K) or specialized plant lighting.
Humidifiers/mistmakers: to maintain humidity above 80%.
Heater: if you keep tropical animals.
- Add water and plant
Fill the water part, plant plants and let the tank stabilize for at least a week. Then add animals.
- Maintenance and long-term care
Once the paludarium is established and planted, the regular care phase comes. Although it may seem demanding, maintenance is no more complicated than for a regular aquarium. It mainly includes:
Regular water changes (approx. 20–30% per week) and water quality control (nitrites, nitrates, pH).
Trimming and monitoring plant growth so that they do not overgrow the space and shade other species.
Refilling evaporated water and controlling humidity – if you use a mister or humidifier, check their functionality.
Cleaning glass and decorations, or the filter.
Supervising animals – monitoring their health and behavior, possibly feeding them with insects, granules or other suitable food.
With a balanced ecosystem, the paludarium maintains itself almost by itself – the longer it functions, the more it stabilizes and requires less intervention.
- Supporting the microclimate and humidity in the apartment
One of the often neglected, but essential advantages of the paludarium is its ability to increase the air humidity in the room, which is very beneficial especially in the winter months. It helps prevent drying of the mucous membranes, irritation of the respiratory tract and skin problems. At the same time, a microclimate is created in its surroundings, which also benefits indoor plants – and overall has a refreshing effect.
- Aesthetic and relaxing element of the interior
A paludarium is not only a living piece of nature, but also a design. A great addition to any interior. Whether you place it in your living room, office or bedroom, it will attract attention and at the same time have a calming effect. The sound of a rushing waterfall, gentle mist effects or just the quiet bustle of life creates a unique space for relaxation, meditation and creative work.
Conclusion
Setting up a paludarium is a challenge, but it brings a lot of joy, education and beauty. It combines the best of both an aquarium and a terrarium and opens the door to a world that is constantly changing and surprising. If you love nature, aesthetics and life, a paludarium is an investment that will enrich you every day.